- Israel can refer to the People of Israel, another name for the Jewish people.
- Land of Israel is the Jewish name for a geographic area in the Middle East, known biblically as Canaan and Judea. The Romans called it Palestina (Anglicized as Palestine), a name which remained in widespread use among, Jews, Muslims, and the international community for centuries.
- State of Israel refers to a nation-state and member of the UN, existing within its officially recognized borders (the Green Line, dating from the 1948 armistice). The State of Israel has been engaged in a military occupation of the West Bank, East Jerusalem, Gaza Strip, and Golan Heights since the 1967 Six Day War.
